紀錄片的道德責任是個有趣的課題,跟所有的道德論一樣沒有絕對的對與錯,每個地方、每個作者的做法也有不同。西方的做法是用法律來規限,拍攝前先簽好同意書。但在現場被訪者接過字體密麻麻的一張紙,很多時都求其簽個名就算,並不知道一般同意書都是有利拍攝者,像在Bruno裡面出鏡的人,大部分都真的以為自己正參與一個奧地利電視節目。
上圖是我在韓國拍的唯一一張相。左起是我,徐童,兩個電影節志願者,日本評審Tomiyama Katsue,電影節冊劃Park Ki Yong。
The film director Jia Zhangke, whom I profiled earlier this year in the magazine, has pulled out of the Melbourne International Film Festival to avoid appearing beside Rebiya Kadeer, the exiled Uighur leader whom the Chinese government has accused of instigating the recent riots in Xinjiang. (Kadeer is the subject of a documentary, “10 Conditions of Love,” which will also be shown at the festival.) Jia and his production company, Xstream productions, released a statement in Chinese this week, portions of which I’ve translated: We have no interest in meddling with the festival’s freedom of artistic exchange. Withdrawing from Melbourne is, rather, a kind of self-restraint. Xinjiang history is not something I’m well acquainted with, but the recent Urumqi violent incident was only two weeks ago, and I, at a minimum, should take a cautious approach. I don’t want to do anything that would tarnish those who died.
The decision to withdraw has startled fans overseas, some of whom tend to view Jia as a political rebel. But that portrait has always struck me as an oversimplification that fails to capture the nuances of his position in China. He is, emphatically, not a dissident director. He made an explicit choice years ago to submit his films to censorship in order to gain a broader audience. As he has told me, “Marginalization can be a kind of pleasant stance—I really admire many of those people—but I would rather expend enormous energy trying to dance with the many levels of the era in which we live.” Given the mood in China these days and the intensity of the official campaign against Kadeer, there is little question in my mind that if Jia had appeared at the festival with Kadeer he would have run into political problems at home. It’s not impossible to imagine that his films might have encountered distribution problems or his funding sources would have come under more serious scrutiny. (See the experience of the Gongmeng law firm.) Whether his foreign fans like it or not, Jia has decided that he would rather work within the system, and with his budgets reaching into the millions of dollars these days, it is understandable that he is more cautious than he once was about whether his films have a commercial future.
None of this is likely to assuage critics abroad who will interpret this as arguably China’s greatest living director bending to the autocratic demands of the government. But reading his comments today, I am reminded that the interpretation of the violence in Xinjiang looks very different to Chinese observers—even ones we think of as liberals—than it does to foreigners. As he has throughout his career, Jia has read the political winds and arrived at a tough, polarizing decision.
Tough decision? Dude, it's a no brainer.
If you want to get ahead, bow down to the master. What's so tough about that?
昨 日记者致电贾樟柯的长期合作伙伴周强,退出影展的信函正是由他亲自撰写的。周强告诉记者,自己是17日才知道第58届墨尔本国际电影节将播放介绍“东突” 民族分裂分子的纪录片,并邀请热比娅到墨尔本出席电影节的消息。他介绍,当时是西河星汇的一个工作人员看到外电报道,转告了这个消息,周强立刻在电影节的 官网上查看,确认了这个消息,“我的第一反应就是我不能接受这个纪录片在电影节上放映,更不能接受她作为嘉宾出席。”
周强立刻把这个消息告诉了贾樟柯和唐晓白,两人都很惊讶,并一致决定退赛。
退赛原因
纯属自愿 没受到外界的任何暗示
在这份声明中,贾樟柯谈到了三点退出理由。首先,贾樟柯强调退出是出于影片导演和公司自己的决定,没有受到外界的任何暗示,他说:“发生在乌鲁木齐的暴力事件刚刚过去,我想至少应该采取一种审慎的态度,不要去玷污那些死去的人们。”
其次,贾樟柯称墨尔本国际电影节的政治意味越来越浓,除了热比娅纪录片的放映以及热比娅亲自出席电影节外,英国导演肯·洛奇也质疑墨尔本电影节的资金来源(编者注:指以色列政府的资助),称他们是在拿“带血的钱”办影展。
最 后,贾樟柯从个人的角度来说:“我们认为和热比娅同时出现在充满政治意味的墨尔本影展上,于我们的个人感情和行为底线是不能接受的,是不合适的。因此,公 司西河星汇全体一致决定退赛,以表达我们个人的态度和立场。”此前,贾樟柯在接受环球时报的采访时也曾表示:“7·5事件这场悲剧刚过去,那么多同胞的亡 灵尚未安息,出于中国人朴素的情感,我们不愿意和那样一部电影同时出现在一个平台上。”
奉己 大陸自由撰稿人